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There are some terms that describe the nature of a grouping in such trees. For instance, all birds and reptiles are believed to have descended from a single common ancestor, so this taxonomic grouping is called monophyletic.
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"Modern reptile" is a grouping that contains a common ancestor, but does not contain all descendants of that ancestor (birds are excluded). This is an example of a paraphyletic group.
"Modern reptile" is a grouping that contains a common ancestor, but does not contain all descendants of that ancestor (birds are excluded). This is an example of a paraphyletic group.
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A grouping such as warm-blooded animals would include only mammals and birds and is called polyphyletic because the members of this grouping do not include the most recent common ancestor.
Orangutan Phylogeny

Click to enlarge the chart
Catarrhini: Humans, Great Apes, and Old World Monkeys
Platyrrhini: New World Monkeys
Tarsii: Tarsiers
Strepsirrhini: Lemurs and Lorises
Cercopithecidae: Old World Monkeys
Hominidae: Humans, Gorillas, Chimpanzees, Bonobos, and Orangutans
Hylobatidae: Gibbons
Pan: Chimpanzees and Bonobos
Ardipithecus: close relative of Humans
Australopithecus: close relative of Humans
Gorilla: Gorillas
Homo: Humans
Pongo: Orangutans
Thanks to : bioweb

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